Essay on Analysis and Synthesis of Prior Research

Analysis and Synthesis of Prior Research Analysis and Synthesis of Prior Research The companies that efficiently solve their projects issues and portfolio concerns will differentiate themselves from their competition. The projects that companies work to complete with the many different project methodologies demonstrate where the business is now, and the portfolio of projects of the organization demonstrate where the organization is headed. To effectively manage the tremendous number of projects that leaders face today in their organizations, they look to methods and processes that aid them in effectively managing a group of projects. The method used to help in this endeavor is Portfolio Project Management (PPM). Portfolio Management†¦show more content†¦Portfolio board managers or project managers that have the responsibility of leading an organization to their intended goals and objectives must perform an analysis of the current state or performance of the organization, an analysis of the gaps between the current state and the intended state while making the necessary adjustments and corrective actions (Morris Pinto, 2007). Project Portfolio According to Morris and Pinto (2007) a project portfolio is comprised of a group of projects that are supervised and managed based on the sponsorship of a particular department within the company. The different projects within a portfolio will compete for scarce resources such as labor, finances, and time. At the very top of a project-based organization is portfolio management, which contains all of the projects within the organization. Those organizational projects are prioritized, based on strategic global initiatives and business objectives. They are different from projects assigned to project managers, as they must be aligned with strategic initiatives. Because projects support several business objectives across many different lines of business within the organization, oftentimes these projects are interrelated and are strategic. Portfolio managementShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Protein Degradation783 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the ubiquitin-protease system (UPS) and the consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term fear memories. This research was necessary because, while research had been done linking protein degradation to synaptic plasticity, no study had been performed to analyze the role of UPS in the amygdala, where long-term fear memories are believed to be stored. 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Financial Ratios of Toyota Company Statistics Project

Essays on Financial Ratios of Toyota Company Statistics Project The paper â€Å"Financial Ratios of Toyota Company" is an informative example of a statistic project on finance accounting. The returns on Toyota shareholders' funds decreased from 4.12% to 1.92 % from the year 2009 to 2010. It means that shareholders were experiencing loss or decrease in the interest they had in the Company.Liquidity/ Solvency RatiosWorking Capital (or Current) RatioComponent20092010Current Assets112989291.07: 1130736041.22:1Current Liabilities10589293  10686214  In order for a company to able to cover its short term liabilities, it requires necessarily have a current ratio of 1:1 (Penwell 1994). Thus, during the years 2009 and 2010, Toyota had enough liquid assets to cover short term obligations; 1.07:1 and 1.2:1 respectively.Quick Asset (or Acid Test) RatioComponent20092010Current Assets-Inventory(11298929-1459394)0.93:1(13073604-1422373)1.09:1Current Liabilities10589293  10686214  In the year 2009, it seems that Toyota had a slightly less liquid resourc e to meet its short term obligations compared to the year 2010. However, this is risky for the business, because in the short term all the available liquid assets may become depleted and thus the company may not be able to meet its obligations.Asset Efficiency RatiosStock TurnoverComponent20092010Cost of salesClosing stock17468416145939411.97 times per annum15971496142237311.23 times per annum  Days in year36530 days36533 daysStock turn11.97  11.23  There was no much big difference in the years 2009 and 2010 for Toyota in terms of a number of times it sold out its stock.Debtors TurnoverComponent20092010Credit salesClosing trade creditors19173720139274913.77 times per annum1772472918862739.40 times per annum  Days in year36526.5 days36539 daysStock turn13.77  9.40  In the year 2010, the number of days that the debtors took in order to clear their debts increased for 27 days in the year 2009 to 39 days. That means the overall cash the company received was less compared to what its customers owed the company.Creditors Payment PeriodComponent20092010Cost of salesClosing trade creditors17468416129945513.44 times per annum1597149619565058.16 times per annum  Days in year36527 days36545 daysStock turn13.44  8.16  In the year 2010, Toyota took longer than usual to pay its suppliers and this worked to its advantage in that it was more predisposed at using creditors’ money to generate income.Working Capital Operating Cycle  2009  20102003Stock takes30days to sell after it has been manufactured, then33Debtors take27days to pay, meaning that39  57days will have elapsed before any cash arrives72but Creditors are paid in(27)days, which means that the business has to finance(45)  30days of activity from cash reserves or overdraft27The working capital management policy of Toyota improved in the year 2010 and this is favorable in that the number of days required being financed from cash reserves reduced for 30 in 2009 to 27 in 2010.Asset Turnov erComponent20092010Revenue17178790.093 times2094560.012 timesTotal capital employed(29062037-10589293)  (30349287-10686214)  In the year 2010, the management of Toyota became inefficient in managing the assets of the company. Asset turnover decreased to 0.012 up from 0.093.Capital Structure RatiosGearing RatioComponent20092010Loans and borrowings(10589293 +7872007)x10099.94%(10686214+8732630)x 10098.76%Total capital employed(29062037-10589293)  (30349287-10686214)  The gearing ration of Toyota in the years 2009 and 2010 was extremely high meaning that it had a large number of loans compared to its own equity. This is however tolerable for a company in the auto industry as it requires a huge capital investment which ultimately implies the potential to make huge profits.Fixed Interest CoverComponent200820092010Operating profit227037549 times(461011)(9.83) times1475164.42 timesInterest payable on borrowings46113  46882  33409  In the year 2008, Toyota had sufficient opera ting profit to cover the interest it was supposed to pay on loans and other borrowings. However, in the years 2009 and 2010, the reduced significantly to less than 0 and 4.42 respectively hence it incurred a lot of loss in paying for loan interest.Investor’s RatiosDividend per Share (DPS)DPS = Earnings Distributed to Shareholders/Number of SharesThis is given in the consolidated income statement: for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 DPS amounted to  ¥ 140,  ¥ 100, and  ¥ 45 respectively.An increase in dividend per share implies an increased value of shareholders' wealth in a company. For Toyota DPS decreased sharply for the years 2008, 2009, and 2010. This can be attributed to decreased unit sales as a result of vehicle recalls in the years 20009 and 2010.Market Price Per Share (MPS)MPS = value of common stock/ Number of shares issued

Finding papes is tough Essay Example For Students

Finding papes is tough Essay Ok so you all must know that to enter into oppapers yo must have a paper. which is the stupidest thin ever. I dont know how long I have tomake this so i will just keep going. makes sense right? SO hopefully by now I will be able to find a paper for this stupid class I am taking. Becky is going to bed now we will see her in awhile I guess. well hopefully I will get ome mail and find this paper I need or I might fail the class and that just would not be any good. So it was fun but I will talk to you later. Ok so just found out my paper has to be two-hundred and fifty words o more or else they wont take it. I cant wait until school is over with so I dont have to go through this any more. Then maybe by next year I will be alot smarter. I think I am almost t the limit just a little more writing and I will be there. By the way did I mention I was hungry cause I am. If im typing this garbage I cant eat. Lets hope that all of this work I have done pays of. And im not yet there yet so I like all types of music. I just want to get my home work done so then I can just go to bed. No though this site decided that you have to submit a paper before you can get one. I hope i amnot doing thi for nothing because then I would have jut wasted abot fifteen minutes of my time.Words/ Pages : 280 / 24

Malthusian theory of population free essay sample

Thomas Malthus Theory of Population that was proposed more than two centuries ago, foretold the problems of food shortage that the world is facing today, due to uncontrolled increase in population. Thomas Robert Malthus was a British economist and a demographer, whose famous Theory of Population highlighted the potential dangers of overpopulation. Malthus put forth his ideas in six editions of his famous treatise An Essay on the Principle of Population. His thinking took shape under the influence of the optimistic ideas of his father and his friends especially Rousseau, for future improvement of the society. In the first edition of his treatise, Malthus put forth his views that opposed the belief of scholars like Marquis de Condorcet and William Godwin who were optimistic about population growth in England. During the Industrial Revolution, England experienced a steep increase in its population. In his book The Enquirer, William Godwin promoted population growth as a means for human beings to attain equality. We will write a custom essay sample on Malthusian theory of population or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to him, an increased population would create more wealth that would provide food for the whole humanity. Scholars of such school of thought believed that, both man and society could be made perfect. In contrast to this viewpoint, Malthus interpreted overpopulation as an evil that would reduce the amount of food available per person. The Theory: In his famous treatise An Essay on the Principles of Population, Malthus stated that, the populations of the world would increase in geometric proportions while the food resources available for them would increase only in arithmetic proportions. In simple words, if human population was allowed to increase in an uncontrolled way, then the number of people would increase at a faster rate than the food supply. A point would come when human population would reach the limit up to which food sources could not support it. Any further increase would lead to population crash caused by natural phenomena like famine or disease. According to him, human society could never be perfected. He believed that man is a lazy animal, who would lead a satisfied life and procreate as long as his family was well fed. However, as soon as human population would feel constraints in food supply due to increase in population, he would again work hard to provide enough for his family. This might lead to an increase in agricultural production to provide for all, but at the same time man would be back to his complacent stage, where all his needs would be fulfilled. This would start the cycle of overpopulation and food shortage, all over again. Having been a clergy, Malthus validated his theory on moral grounds that suffering was a way of making human beings realize the virtues of hard work and moral behavior. Such kind of suffering due to overpopulation and limited food supply was inevitable. Assumptions: Malthus took into account two main assumptions: †¢Food is an essential component for human existence. †¢Humans have the basic urge to multiply. Explanation: Malthus theory was based on the assumption that the power of population to multiply is much greater than the power of the earth to provide subsistence for man. In his own words passion between the sexes is an inevitable phenomenon, hence, when unchecked, population would grow at such a high rate that it would outstrip food supply. According to him, disease, food shortage and death due to starvation, were natures way to control population. He proposed that human beings adopt measures like infanticide, abortion, delay in marriage and strict following of celibacy to check population growth. Relation between Population, Wages and Inflation: Malthus described the whole scenario as a vicious cycle of population growth and its effects. He proposed that the boom in population will result into excess of labor force ready to work at the available wage rate, giving them the income to buy food for their family. This will lead to an increase in the overall demand for food outstripping its supply. Hence, the prices will rise and inflation will set in. This inflationary pressure will worsen the situation of the already distressed poor section of the society leaving the riches unaffected. The poor will work more to improve their situation and will also consider reducing the population growth so that they have less mouths to feed. However, this will only last till the population equals the food supply and the inflation ceases; after which, overall standard of living will rise and so will the population explosion reaching the same point, hence called the vicious cycle. Proposed Solutions: In his first edition of the essay, Malthus proposed two main solutions to the problem of population explosion, namely: †¢Positive Check This method results in increase in death rate. He described this as Gods way of restoring the Natural Order. It includes famines, hunger, epidemics, war and other natural miseries which cause large-scale deaths. Although it helps in controlling the population growth, it brings with it widespread misery and pain. Hence, it is not regarded as an ideal solution to population problem. †¢Preventive or Negative Check This method refers to human effort in reducing the birth rate. It is more practically and logically applicable. Abortion, prostitution, postponement of marriage, birth control and celibacy are few measures that were advised to be strictly followed in order to help solve the problem. In his second edition of the same essay, Malthus laid more emphasis on: Moral Restraint: This is regarded as a universally applicable solution keeping up with the ideologies of virtue, economic gain and social improvement. According to this principle, one should refrain from marriage till the time he is capable of supporting a family with food, clothing and shelter. Until then he should follow strict celibacy. In the words of Geoffrey Gilbert, He (Malthus) went so far as to claim that moral restraint on a wide scale was the best means indeed, the only means of easing the poverty of the lower classes. Impact: Malthus theory had great influence on both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, who are the co-founders of the modern evolutionary theory. In his own words Darwin acknowledged, that he was already aware of the struggle for existence among different species of plants and animals. However, it was only after he read Malthus work, he realized that animals in their struggle to survive retained the favorable features that would help them adjust to the environment, and lost those that were of no use to them. Thus, the Theory of Natural Selection was born. By the end of the 19th Century, when living standards improved and birth rates dropped in the Western countries, concerns of overpopulation became irrelevant. However, in underdeveloped countries which have agrarian economies, Malthus theory often finds credibility. Criticism: Some critics like Karl Marx, argued that Malthus failed to recognize the potential of human population to increase food supply. He is accused by many to have failed to comprehend mans ability to use science and technology to increase food supply to meet the needs of an increasing population. Thinkers from the field of social sciences have criticized Malthus for his belief that the human society could never be made perfect. He opposed all political, social and economic reforms that did not aim at controlling birth rate. His own methods of checking population growth were criticized for being impractical. Malthus was opposed to the Poor Laws popular in England, which provided relief to the people who qualified as poor under the laws. According to him, such charity would provide only short-term relief to them and let the poor remain in their state of financial distress. This thought of Malthus was viewed as misanthropic. From his writings, some have interpreted Malthus as a rigid and pessimistic individual. However, he is also viewed by some as a pragmatic thinker, who put a check on the unbridled enthusiasm of some who viewed increase in population as a means of progress.

Professional Values Essays

Professional Values Essays Professional Values Paper Professional Values Paper C. B. Bernsten, and M. A. Sanner. 2008. Care ideologies re? ected in 4 conceptions of pharmaceutical care. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 4: 332–342. Childress, J. F. , et al. 2002. Public health ethics: Mapping the terrain. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 30: 170–178. Choosing health thorough pharmacy- A programme for pharmaceutical public health 2005–2015. 2005. London: Department of Health. dh. gov. uk/publications. Faculty of Public Health of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom. What is Public Health? fphm. org. uk/about_faculty/what_public_health/default. asp. Accessed August 2009. Fassett, W. E. 2007. Ethics, law and the emergence of responsibility for patient care. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41: 1264–1267. Goodin, R. E. 1985. Protecting the vulnerable. A reanalysis of our social responsibilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Harding, G. , and K. Taylor. 1997. Responding to change: The case of community pharmacy in Great Britain. Sociology of Health Illness 19(5): 547–560. ? Hayry, M. 2006. Public health and human values. Journal of Medical Ethics 32: 519–521. Hepler, C. D. , and L. M. Strand. 1990. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 47: 533–543. Jesson, J. , and P. Bissell. 2006. Public health and pharmacy:

7 Ways To Show The Hiring Manager That You Really Want The Job

7 Ways To Show The Hiring Manager That You Really Want The Job You really really want this job. And you want to make sure the hiring manager knows it. Trouble is, you also don’t want to come off as totally desperate. As much as you want to give them the really hard sell and show off your exuberant enthusiasm for the position, it’s best to hold back and try these tricks instead. 1. Send a note.A handwritten thank you note after the interview will go a long way. And it’s much more elegant than gushing or yammering on about just how much you love the company and really really want this job. Bonus points if you’ve already sent a quick follow-up email and can mention different things in the handwritten note.2. Go the extra mile.If a job description says that certain application materials are optional, and you have the capacity to provide them, do. You’ll easily set yourself apart from the majority of applicants who won’t have time or energy to go above and beyond for this particular job. And you’ll hav e that many more chances to prove you are a perfect fit for the position.3. Be clear.If you’re lucky enough to have the opportunity, i.e. you’re asked point-blank about the seriousness of your intentions, then do make it absolutely clear how serious you are about wanting this gig. Refrain from gushing, but make it firmly clear you are in this.4. Take home some swag.This is a potentially risky move, but if you see some brand stickers or pens or other such swag on your way out, and you feel comfortable doing so, you could remark on how stylish or well-done the item is and say, â€Å"If you have any to spare, I’d love to take one of these with me.† As long as you can pull this off without looking creepy, it’s sometimes a great move to show you’re really serious about a company.5. Do your homework.Perhaps the best thing you can bring with you into an interview for a gig you’re really gung-ho to get is preparation. Don’t waste time pining and hoping that you get hired. Spend all of that nervous energy doing really solid research into the company, the industry, and the job itself. Doing your homework will help you shine in the interview.6. Ask questions.Your interviewer will ask you if you have any questions. And you’d best be prepared to have some. Make sure they’re intelligent and incisive. Tailor them to the company and the position. Use the research you’ve done to make sure you have this step of the interview covered. And practice asking before you go in.7. Come up with a final pitch.Think up (and practice practice practice) a final elevator pitch that you can use to close the interview. Some combination of â€Å"thank you† and a way to reaffirm your keen interest in the position. Make it surgical and elegant and follow it up with good body language and a firm handshake (and of course, the thank you note), and you’ll do great.Who knows? If you manage to nail all of this, y ou might just make them more interested in you!

The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane Essay

The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane - Essay Example Among such personages are "the loud soldier" Wilson, who initially behaves with bravado but gradually manifests a personal change that turns him into a person who "showed a quiet belief in his purpose and his abilities" (Crane 1990, ch.14, par.14), and Jim Conklin, who is a strong and self-assertive soldier realistic about war, thus serving from the beginning of the novel as a contrast to romantic Henry. The way Conklin stoically endures hardships also makes him different from Wilson with his loud dissatisfaction. The plot of the novel develops as a Union regiment waits for the engagement into hostilities, during which time Fleming, attracted by the prospect of glory, is at the same time worried about his courage. After experiencing the battle and feeling himself insignificant in it, Fleming flees. From this moment start his tormenting attempts of self-reconciliation, as he initially tries to justify his behavior aimed at preservation of his life. But he encounters a dead body in the forest, which reminds him of the insignificance of human life, and when he later joins the group of wounded soldiers he wishes to have a wound too, associating it with "the red badge of courage". As he is ashamed by the questions of a tattered solider about his wound, and as he sees the dignified death of Conklin, Fleming is prepared for the change of his attitude. After he is wounded by another fleeing soldier and returns to his camp where Wilson, who now is different from the loud soldier he used to be, cares for him, Fleming returns to the battle and is seen as the most courageous soldier. As he reflects on his new perception of war, he no longer strives for glory, and realizes that he withstood "the red sickness" of battle. On ground of this, and considering the title of the book, we can immediately see that the notion of courage constitutes the main theme of the narrative. Indeed, as the story of the young soldier develops, we, along with Fleming, are defining courage, wish to achieve it, and, finally, see Henry obtain it. In the beginning of the story Henry Fleming perceives courage in a romantic way as he imagines that akin to heroes of the past he will return from war with his shield or on his shield, but certainly with glory surrounding him. In this way, for Fleming courage represents an external measure equated to envy from the side of men, and increased attention from the side women. Since the very beginning of the novel Henry demonstrates his rejection of alternative interpretations of courage as he disagrees with the advice of his mother to fulfil his duties in a honest way, even if this would endanger his life. This disparity between definitions of courage would be present throughout the book. For example, it is at its greatest when Henry leaves in the forest the wounded soldier who is annoying him with the questions about Henrys wound, and this disparity diminishes as Henry excels in his first battle. Finally, as the novel comes to the end, Fleming triumphantly returns from the battle being already mature, and having at this point a realistic understanding of how difficult it may be for the courage to emerge. Now, courage is no longer a product of opinions of other people, but rather it represents the product of deeply felt concerns about reputation and self-respect of a soldier. Thus, we can see how "the red badge of courage", in literal meaning of a wound and in symbolic meaning of the internal conflict, is a painful but often